What types of tests are required for the casting installation?

The correct answer is based on the need for multiple physical property assessments to ensure the reliability and functionality of refractory materials used in casting installations. Density measures the mass per unit volume of the material, which is important to understand the material's weight and structural capacity. Permanent linear change is a critical measurement that examines how much the material expands or contracts under different temperatures, which is essential for understanding stability during operational conditions. Cold crushing strength tests measure how much load or stress the refractory can withstand without failing, which is crucial for ensuring that the installation will maintain integrity under pressure.

Combining these tests provides a comprehensive picture of the material's performance characteristics. Each test plays a unique role in predicting the longevity and suitability of the refractory material for its intended application. Recognizing the importance of these varied tests is crucial in achieving a successful refractory installation.