Which three methods can be used to aid refractory flow?

The correct answer focuses on methods specifically designed to facilitate the flow and placement of refractory materials in various applications. Pouring or pump casting allows for controlled delivery of the refractory mixture, enabling it to fill molds or areas effectively. The ability to manage the flow is crucial in achieving uniform density and structural integrity in the finished product.

Submersion vibrators are utilized to enhance the flow of the refractory by vibrating the mixture, thereby reducing friction and allowing it to fill voids more completely. This vibration helps to eliminate air pockets and ensures a more consistent application.

Rodding involves the use of a rod to stir or agitate the mixture during the placement process, promoting better flow characteristics and settling of the material. This method is particularly beneficial in areas with complex shapes where the refractory needs to navigate around obstacles.

These techniques collectively improve the efficiency and effectiveness of placing refractory materials, ensuring that they achieve their desired performance characteristics once cured or set.